​ The   Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) , signed on  September 19, 1960 , is a landmark water-sharing agreement between  India and Pakistan , brokered by the  World Bank . It governs the use and distribution of the waters from the  Indus River system , which includes six major rivers: the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej.​ Background & Reason for Signing Following the partition of British India in 1947, both nations inherited a shared river system. Tensions escalated in 1948 when India temporarily halted water flow to Pakistan, highlighting the urgent need for a formal agreement to prevent future conflicts over water resources. After nearly a decade of negotiations, the IWT was established to ensure equitable water distribution and to foster cooperation between the two countries.​                        Key Provisio...